Overview

Overview

THE BIG PICTURE

How Atomgigs works: sources, catalysts and buyers

Atomgigs does not build machines. It helps makers go to market, advises buyers and delivers work done and data.

Sources (3)Where the machines and people come from
We offer
  • Go-to-market: where, how and to whom
  • Gigs: jobs for their machines and talent

Paid by Makers: GTM fees; buyers: per gig

Catalysts (3)Who funds, insures, approves and brings the projects
We offer
  • Advice and investor diligence
  • Project bidding and execution

Paid by Catalysts: advice, projects

Numbers 01 to 12 are primer numbers: each box has its own detailed primer.

TALENT AT A GLANCE

Ten facts that frame the talent opportunity.

The gap in people, the rise of machines, and the role of experts who lead them.

01

349,000 construction workers

U.S. construction must add 349,000 net new workers in 2026 and 456,000 in 2027.

02

1.9M manufacturing jobs

Up to 1.9 million U.S. manufacturing jobs could go unfilled by 2033.

03

522,000 factory openings

U.S. manufacturing job openings stood at 522,000 in August 2026.

04

Over half of operators

Data center operators who struggle to find qualified candidates.

05

300,000+ electricians

The U.S. needs this many new electricians over the next decade.

06

603,000 robots in 2025

Industrial robots installed worldwide in 2025, a record; 5.08M now at work.

07

~250,000 service robots

Professional service robots shipped in 2025, up 24%.

08

~493,000 drone pilots

FAA-certificated remote pilots in the U.S. at end-2025.

09

307 robots per 10,000

U.S. factory robot density, eighth in the world; South Korea has 1,220.

10

Humans in the lead

Every robot has a designated human manager. Physical AI works in the loop.

Chapter 1

The opportunity

The talent gap in numbers, from doing to leading, what a gig looks like, why now.

SUB-CHAPTER 1.1

The talent gap in numbers

Five industries short of skilled people, in current figures.

Construction

Manufacturing

8

9

Robots and drones

Five industries, one gap

11

12

Data centers

10

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.1 THE TALENT GAP IN NUMBERS

Construction needs 349,000 more workers in 2026.

More than half of the need comes from replacing retirees.

349,000net new construction workers needed in 2026
456,000needed in 2027 as spending growth resumes
~20%of the construction workforce is over 55
92%of firms that are hiring struggle to find qualified workers
  • More than half of the 2026 need is replacing retirees
  • Data centers and megaprojects absorb electricians and mechanical trades
  • Nonresidential trades added ~100,000 jobs in the year to Oct 2026

What is driving the gap

  • Skilled people choose among projects, not the reverse
  • Machines take on the heavy, repeated tasks
  • Experts who can lead machines are the scarcest of all

What it means for experts

The construction gap is structural. It does not close by itself.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.1 THE TALENT GAP IN NUMBERS

Manufacturing could leave 1.9 million jobs unfilled by 2033.

Up to 3.8 million new employees are needed between 2024 and 2033.

1.9Mjobs could go unfilled by 2033, about half of the need

Retirements

2.8M

Industry growth

0.76M

Public investment

0.23M

522,000manufacturing job openings in Aug 2026

Public investment covers infrastructure, energy and chips programs.

Factories are adding automation. They need people who can lead it.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.1 THE TALENT GAP IN NUMBERS

Data centers are short of people as well as power.

The hardest hiring is for the hands-on roles that keep sites running.

Over 50%

of data center operators struggle to find qualified candidates

300,000+new electricians needed over the next decade
  • Electricians
  • Pipefitters and mechanical technicians
  • HVAC and controls specialists
  • Commissioning and critical-facility technicians

Hardest roles to fill

  • Staffing is now a top concern, alongside power and capital
  • AI sites are larger and more power-dense
  • Delays in people become delays in capacity

Why it matters

AI infrastructure is limited by hands as well as by power.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.1 THE TALENT GAP IN NUMBERS

Every new machine creates work for people.

Robots, service robots and certificated drone pilots, in current numbers.

603,000industrial robots installed worldwide in 2025
5.08Mindustrial robots at work in factories
~250,000professional service robots shipped in 2025, up 24%
~493,000FAA-certificated remote drone pilots
  • Integrators and technicians
  • Electricians and controls engineers

Install and commission

  • Remote operators and pilots
  • Site leads who manage fleets

Operate and supervise

  • OEM-certified field technicians
  • Data and fault analysts

Maintain and service

Every new machine creates work for someone who can lead it.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.1 THE TALENT GAP IN NUMBERS

Five industries share the same gap.

Where the shortage is, and which roles are in demand.

IndustryThe gapRoles in demand
Construction349,000 net new workers needed in 2026Electricians, mechanical trades, controls
Manufacturing1.9M jobs could go unfilled by 2033Robot technicians, controls engineers, maintenance
Data centersOver half of operators short of qualified staffCritical-facility technicians, electricians
Robotics and automation603,000 robots installed in 2025Integrators, programmers, service technicians
Drones and aerial~493,000 certificated remote pilotsPilots, visual observers, data analysts

Machines are arriving faster than the people who can lead them.

SUB-CHAPTER 1.2

From doing to leading

How the work changes when people lead machines.

Humans in the lead

14

Who does what

16

From doing to leading

15

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.2 FROM DOING TO LEADING

Humans in the lead, physical AI in the loop.

The operating model behind every Atomgigs project.

HUMANS IN THE LEAD

  • Set the plan and the standards
  • Decide, approve and take responsibility
  • Stop work when safety calls for it

PHYSICAL AI IN THE LOOP

  • Do the repeated, heavy and hazardous work
  • Sense, move and report back
  • Hand exceptions to a person

directs

reports

Every robot has a designated human manager.

One manager per robot

One person may oversee a small fleet.

Several machines per person

Trained people hold stop authority at all times.

Safety first

The machine does the task. The person owns the outcome.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.2 FROM DOING TO LEADING

Roles keep their skill and change their work.

Illustrative examples of how four roles evolve with machines.

RoleWork by hand todayWork with machines
ElectricianPulls and terminates cable by handDirects install robots, inspects, handles exceptions
Warehouse technicianWalks aisles keeping carts runningMonitors a fleet from a screen, clears faults
InspectorClimbs and photographs structuresPlans drone missions, reviews the findings
Maintenance technicianRepairs after a failureServices equipment guided by sensor data

The skill stays. The work moves from doing to leading.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.2 FROM DOING TO LEADING

Machines take the hard, hazardous and repetitive work.

How work divides between machines and people.

  • Heavy lifting
  • Repetitive motion
  • Work at height
  • Hazardous or confined spaces
  • Round-the-clock monitoring

Machines

  • Inspection and survey
  • Material handling
  • Installation
  • Commissioning and testing

Shared

  • Judgment and exceptions
  • Safety authority
  • Client and site relationships
  • Tuning and improving the system

People

Hard, hazardous and repetitive work moves to machines.

SUB-CHAPTER 1.3

What a gig looks like

The path from match to next gig, and who you work with.

A gig in five steps

18

Your team

20

A typical gig

19

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.3 WHAT A GIG LOOKS LIKE

A gig with Atomgigs in five steps.

From the first match to the next gig.

1 Match

Your profile is matched to a gig by skills and certifications.

2 Mobilize

Short onboarding, site and machine briefing.

3 Work

You join a small pod and work alongside the machines.

4 Learn

OEM training and certifications on the job.

5 Next gig

Repeat gigs and new projects follow.

You choose the gigs. Atomgigs does the matching.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.3 WHAT A GIG LOOKS LIKE

Every gig is defined before you start.

Six things you know up front.

Data center, plant, warehouse, construction site or campus

The site

Robots, drones, IoT and automation from leading OEMs

The machines

A small senior pod plus other experts

The team

A defined role with a clear manager

Your role

Scope and dates agreed before you start

The scope

New skills, certifications and a stronger profile

What you take away

Every gig is defined before you start.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.3 WHAT A GIG LOOKS LIKE

You work inside a small senior pod.

Who leads, who does the work, and which machines are involved.

SITE POD LEAD · SAFETY OFFICER · PROJECT MANAGER

Robot and automation technicians

Controls and software engineers

Operators, pilots and trades

ROBOTS · DRONES · IoT DEVICES · AUTOMATION

Small senior pod, specialist experts, and machines, working as one team.

SUB-CHAPTER 1.4

Why now

Four forces that make this the moment to join.

Record robot demand

22

Where Atomgigs fits

24

Four forces

23

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.4 WHY NOW

Robots are arriving at record scale.

Annual industrial robot installations worldwide, in thousands.

806K

603K

655K

542K

254K

2015

2024

2025

2026 (forecast)

2029 (forecast)

Capable machines are arriving now. People close the gap to general autonomy.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.4 WHY NOW

Four forces make this the moment.

Retirements, investment, AI infrastructure and machines at scale.

  • More than half of construction’s 2026 need replaces retirees
  • 2.8M of manufacturing’s 3.8M need

Retirements

  • U.S. installed 38,400 robots in 2025, up 12%
  • U.S. passed Japan as the second-largest market

Reshoring and investment

  • Over half of data center operators are short of staff
  • 300,000+ electricians needed over a decade

AI infrastructure

  • 603,000 robots installed in 2025
  • 655,000 forecast for 2026

Machines at scale

Four forces point the same way: more machines, and a need for more experts.

1 THE OPPORTUNITY · 1.4 WHY NOW

Atomgigs brings machines and talent together.

Three sources, one team, your project.

Every robot type for every application

ROBOTS

Drones, VTOL, IoT and automation

OTHER MACHINES

Contract experts, gig by gig

TALENT

ATOMGIGS · source, staff, integrate, deploy, scale up and operate

YOUR PROJECT · data centers, plants, warehouses, construction, infrastructure and more

Atomgigs brings the machines and the talent to the same table.

Chapter 2

The projects you can work on

Robotics, OEMS, drones and VTOL, data centers, manufacturing and logistics, construction and infrastructure, public safety and defense.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.1

Robotics

Robots across industry, and the experts who put them to work.

Robots at work

27

Robot types

28

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.1 ROBOTICS

Robots are now a mainstream workforce.

Installed base and annual demand, worldwide and in the U.S.

603,000industrial robots installed worldwide in 2025
5.08Mindustrial robots in operation worldwide
38,400installed in the U.S. in 2025, up 12%
~250,000professional service robots shipped, up 24%
  • Factories, warehouses and logistics hubs
  • Construction sites and data centers
  • Hospitals, hotels, farms and public spaces

Where the work is

  • Install, program and commission
  • Supervise fleets and handle exceptions
  • Maintain, repair and train

Where experts come in

More robots in more places means more projects for experts.

Go deeper: Primer 01 Robotics

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.1 ROBOTICS

Each robot type needs a different expert.

Typical work by robot type.

Each robot type needs a different expert.
Robot typeWhere it worksWhat experts do
Arms and cobotsCells, machine tending, palletizingProgram, integrate, maintain, safeguard
Mobile robots (AMRs, AGVs)Warehouses, plants, campusesMap routes, manage the fleet, clear faults
Legged robotsPlants, tunnels, data center hallsPlan inspection missions, review findings
HumanoidsPilots in plants and warehousesSupervise, set up tasks, collect data
Specialty robotsLayout, drilling, rebar tying, cleaningSet up, direct, finish and service

Photo: Caio.st.oliveira, CC BY-SA 4.0

Whatever the robot, a trained person sets it up and owns the outcome.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.2

OEMs, drones and VTOL

Makers of robots and aircraft need field teams and pilots.

What makers need

30

Drone work in the U.S.

31

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.2 OEMS, DRONES AND VTOL

Robot and aircraft makers need field teams.

Makers build the machine; experts help customers put it to work.

Field serviceCommissioning

Diagnose and repair on site Replace parts, update software

Customer trainingFlight and test operations
Diagnose and repair on site Replace parts, update software
  • Teach operators and technicians
  • Run OEM-approved courses
  • Fly test and demonstration missions
  • Collect data and report

Photo: Matti Blume, CC BY-SA 4.0

Makers sell machines. Experts make them productive.

Go deeper: Primer 02 OEMs, Drones and VTOL

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.2 OEMS, DRONES AND VTOL

Certificated drone pilots are in demand.

The entry ticket today, and the rule change that will help the work scale.

FAA-certificated remote pilots in the U.S.

Work for drone pilotsWhat is changing
FAA-certificated remote pilots in the U.S.

~493,000

Part 107

400 ft

Part 108

  • Inspection of roofs, towers, lines and sites
  • Progress capture and mapping
  • Plant and data center site monitoring
  • Long-range flight is moving to a rule
  • Companies carry accountability
  • New roles: supervisor, flight coordinator

Photo: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (public domain)

Part 107 is the entry ticket. Part 108 is expected to make the work scale.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.3

Data centers

The build-out of AI infrastructure, from construction to operations.

The numbers

33

Hybrid model

35

Roles on a campus

34

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.3 DATA CENTERS

Data centers need builders and operators.

Demand for people on both sides of the fence.

349Knet new U.S. construction workers needed in 2026
$96.5BU.S. data center construction, annual rate, Sep 2026

~2 in 3

of operators report trouble hiring or keeping staff

~5,000peak construction workers on one large campus
  • Electrical work is the largest share of labor
  • 12 to 18 months typical construction
  • Electricians, pipefitters, controls, commissioning

Build phase

  • 500+ permanent jobs on the same campus
  • 20+ years of facility life
  • Critical-facility technicians, NOC, controls

Operate phase

A campus employs thousands to build and hundreds to run.

Go deeper: Primer 07 Data Centers

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.3 DATA CENTERS

Build and operate use different experts.

Where people work, and where machines help.

Build and operate use different experts.
PhaseRolesWhere machines help
Build: MEP rough-inElectricians, pipefitters, HVAC, sheet metalLayout, drilling, reality capture
Build: fit-out and testLow-voltage, fiber, controls, commissioningInspection patrols, data capture
Operate: facilitiesCritical-facility and controls techniciansRounds, thermal checks, monitoring
Operate: IT hallData center technicians, network engineersRemote hands, hardware swaps, cleaning
Safety and qualitySafety officers, QA, inspectorsZone monitoring, automated checks

Photo: BalticServers.com, CC BY-SA 3.0

Every phase of a data center needs hands and increasingly needs machines.

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.3 DATA CENTERS

Robots join the work, task by task.

From human crews to hybrid teams to orchestrated fleets.

1 Human crews

2 Hybrid teams

3 Orchestrated fleets

  • People do almost all physical work
  • BIM and digital twins guide the build
  • Robots scan and inspect
  • Proven task robots work beside crews
  • People supervise and handle exceptions
  • New roles: robot operator and technician
  • Mixed human and robot workforces
  • Fleets coordinated through the twin
  • People focus on judgment and complex work

The goal is not fewer skilled people. It is more capacity from the people available.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.4

Manufacturing and logistics

Plants and warehouses adding robots and automation.

The numbers

37

Typical pilots

38

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.4 MANUFACTURING AND LOGISTICS

Plants and warehouses need robot-ready people.

The workforce gap meets rising automation.

12.7MU.S. manufacturing jobs, Sep 2026
1.9Mjobs that could go unfilled by 2033
522,000manufacturing job openings, Aug 2026
547,300maintenance technician jobs in 2025, 14% growth to 2035
  • Machine tending and palletizing
  • Material transport between stores and cells
  • Inspection, kitting and line-side supply

Where machines help

  • Robot and mechatronics technicians
  • Controls and vision engineers
  • Warehouse automation specialists

Where experts help

Open shifts raise the cost of staying manual.

Go deeper: Primer 08 Manufacturing and Logistics

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.4 MANUFACTURING AND LOGISTICS

Six pilot types show the work experts do.

Each pilot is one scope, one site and one metric.

Six pilot types show the work experts do.
PilotScopeWeeks
Machine tending cellLoad and unload one CNC or press, one part family6
Palletizing, end of lineOne line, one to two pallet patterns4 to 6
AMR material transportOne route between stores and two cells6 to 8
Inspection and qualityOne station with a defined defect list6 to 8
Kitting, line-side supplyOne line with a defined kit list6 to 8
Humanoid tote movingOne tote flow in a marked pilot zone8

Photo: Marta Veverica, CC BY-SA 4.0

Short, defined scopes let experts and machines prove value fast.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.5

Construction and infrastructure

Buildings, rail, roads and energy sites.

The numbers

40

Robots on site

41

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.5 CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Builders and owners need more skilled hands.

The construction gap in current figures.

349,000net new construction workers needed in 2026
456,000needed in 2027
~20%of the workforce is over 55
92%of hiring firms struggle to find qualified workers
  • Commercial, industrial and data center builds
  • Electrical, mechanical and low-voltage trades
  • Layout, drilling and inspection robots

Buildings and campuses

  • Track, tunnel and bridge inspection
  • Civil layout, piling and earthmoving
  • Solar, grid and plant sites

Rail, road and energy

The gap is structural, and machines alone will not close it.

Go deeper: Primer 09 Construction and Infrastructure

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.5 CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Construction robots take defined tasks.

Where robots work on site today, and who supervises them.

TaskTypical robotsExpert who leads it
Layout and markingLayout-printing robotsSurveyor, layout technician
Drilling and anchoringCeiling-drilling robotsElectrical and MEP trades
Rebar tying and finishingRebar tyers, drywall robotsCrew lead, finisher
Piling and earthmovingAutonomous pile drivers, excavatorsEquipment operator, site engineer
Inspection and progressLegged robots, dronesDrone pilot, QA inspector

Robots take the task. A trained person takes the responsibility.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.6

Public safety and defense

Machines that keep people out of harm’s way. No weapons.

Where machines help

43

Experts we bring

44

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.6 PUBLIC SAFETY AND DEFENSE

Machines keep people out of harm’s way.

Public-safety and infrastructure work with no weapons.

InspectionSearch and surveyPerimeter and patrol

Structures, lines and tunnels

Hazardous sitesDisaster responseTraining and drills
Structures, lines and tunnels

Unsafe or confined spaces

Situational awareness for responders

Exercises with trained teams

Photo: U.S. Navy (public domain)

Atomgigs does not work on weapons or weapon systems.

Go deeper: Primer 10 Public Safety and Defense

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.6 PUBLIC SAFETY AND DEFENSE

Public-safety experts bring discipline and judgment.

Described generically, never by name.

  • Public-safety and emergency services
  • Military and security operations

Backgrounds

  • Incident command and communication
  • Risk assessment and checklists
  • Calm under pressure

Skills that transfer

  • Incident command training (ICS)
  • Drone pilot certificate where flying
  • Background checks as the work requires

Credentials

People used to high-stakes work make strong supervisors of machines.

SUB-CHAPTER 2.7

Commercial services

Cleaning, security, delivery, healthcare, farms and hospitality.

Where machines help

46

Experts we bring

47

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.7 COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Service robots are moving into daily life.

About 250,000 professional service robots shipped in 2025.

CleaningSecurity patrolDelivery and logistics

Floor scrubbers in warehouses and campuses

HealthcareAgricultureHospitality
Floor scrubbers in warehouses and campuses

Supply and disinfection robots

Drones and field robots

Kitchen and service robots

Photo: Syced, CC0

Service robots need setup, supervision and servicing by trained people.

Go deeper: Primer 11 Commercial Services

2 THE PROJECTS YOU CAN WORK ON · 2.7 COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Service work rewards practical, customer-ready experts.

Roles for people who like working with customers and machines.

ExpertTypical workBackground
Service technicianInstall, service and train staffElectronics, HVAC, biomedical
Fleet supervisorWatch robots across several sitesFacilities, logistics, security
Deployment specialistMap a site, set routes and rulesOperations, field service
TrainerTeach customer staff to work with robotsTeaching, OEM training

Customer-facing skills matter as much as technical skills here.

Chapter 3

The experts we bring

Role families at a glance, build and install, machines and controls, operate, safety and quality, lead and specialize.

SUB-CHAPTER 3.1

Role families at a glance

Nineteen families, mapped to focus areas and to the site pod.

Nineteen families

50

Role by focus area, 2 of 2

52

Role by focus area, 1 of 2

51

Who sits in a site pod

53

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.1 ROLE FAMILIES AT A GLANCE

Nineteen role families, five groups.

Every family has its own profile page.

  • Electricians and mechanical trades
  • Commissioning agents
  • BIM, VDC and digital twin
  • IoT and network engineers

Build and install

  • Robot technicians and integrators
  • Controls and robotics engineers
  • AI and perception engineers
  • OEM-certified field technicians

Machines and controls

  • Remote operators and teleoperators
  • Drone pilots and visual observers
  • Logistics automation specialists
  • Critical-facility technicians

Operate

  • Safety officers
  • QA and inspectors

Safety and quality

  • Site pod leads and project managers
  • Public-safety and cleared experts
  • Service experts: health, farm, hospitality
  • Trainers and curriculum experts
  • Technical diligence experts

Lead and specialize

Nineteen role families in five groups. Find yours in the pages that follow.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.1 ROLE FAMILIES AT A GLANCE

Each role family fits particular focus areas.

Part 1 of 2. Core or regular involvement by focus area.

Role familyRoboticsOEMs, dronesData centersMfg, logisticsConstructionPublic safetyServices
Electricians and mechanical trades○●○●
Commissioning agents●○●
BIM, VDC and digital twin●○●
IoT and network engineers○●●○○
Robot technicians and integrators●○○●○
Controls and robotics engineers●○○●○
AI and perception engineers●●○○○○
OEM-certified field technicians○●○○○
Remote operators and teleoperators●○○○○○
Drone pilots and visual observers○●○●●○

● core to the focus area ○ regularly involved

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.1 ROLE FAMILIES AT A GLANCE

Most roles travel across focus areas.

Part 2 of 2. Core or regular involvement by focus area.

Role familyRoboticsOEMs, dronesData centersMfg, logisticsConstructionPublic safetyServices
Logistics automation specialists○●○
Critical-facility technicians●
Safety officers○○●●●○○
QA and inspectors○○●●
Site pod leads and project managers○○●○●○○
Public-safety and cleared experts○●
Service experts: health, farm, hospitality○●
Trainers and curriculum experts○○○○○○○
Technical diligence experts○○○

● core to the focus area ○ regularly involved

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.1 ROLE FAMILIES AT A GLANCE

Who sits in a site pod.

A pod, not a pyramid. Roles are drawn from the families in this chapter.

  1. 1Robotics lead

    Robot and automation technicians Controls engineers

  2. 2Skilled crew

    Electricians and trades OEM-certified technicians Drone pilots

  3. 3Safety and compliance

    Safety officers QA and inspectors

  4. 4Remote ops and data

    Remote operators IoT and network engineers BIM and twin specialists

Who sits in a site pod.

SITE POD LEAD · single point of contact, owns schedule and outcome

ROBOTS · DRONES · IoT DEVICES · AUTOMATION (one designated human manager per robot)

Image: Dusty Robotics

A small senior pod, right-sized to scope and scaled up or down as the work changes.

SUB-CHAPTER 3.2

Build and install

Trades and engineers who put infrastructure and systems in place.

Electricians and mechanical trades

55

BIM and VDC

57

Commissioning agents

56

IoT and network engineers

58

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.2 BUILD AND INSTALL

Electricians power the sites that run AI.

Electricians and mechanical trades: electricians, pipefitters and HVAC technicians.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Power distribution, switchgear and UPS work
  • Conduit, cable and terminations
  • Chilled-water and liquid-cooling piping
  • Reading drawings and one-line diagrams
  • Apprenticeship plus field years
  • Data center, industrial or utility work
Electricians power the sites that run AI.
  • Layout and drilling robots
  • Cable-pulling and scanning tools
  • Inspection drones and legged robots

Machines you work with

  • Journeyman or equivalent trade credential
  • OSHA 10 or 30 hour training
  • NFPA 70E electrical safety training
  • NCCER and apprenticeship credentials
  • Refrigerant handling certification for HVAC

Certifications and training

  • Controls technicians
  • Commissioning agents
  • Site pod lead and safety officer

Works alongside

Photo: U.S. Air Force (public domain)

What you are seeing

Electricians service medium-voltage switchgear during a planned power outage.

The trades are the scarcest skill, and the first to be amplified by machines.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.2 BUILD AND INSTALL

Commissioning agents prove systems work.

Commissioning agents test each system from factory to integrated test.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Test plans and scripts
  • Witnessing factory and site tests
  • Issue logs and close-out
  • Power, cooling and controls knowledge
  • Engineering or technician background
  • Mission-critical commissioning years
Commissioning agents prove systems work.
  • Load banks and test gear
  • Power and thermal monitors
  • Robots that log inspection data

Machines you work with

  • Certified Commissioning Professional (AEE, BCxA)
  • Certified Commissioning Authority (ACG)
  • OSHA 30 hour
  • NETA testing training for electrical systems

Certifications and training

  • Controls and electrical engineers
  • OEM field technicians
  • Owner’s representative

Works alongside

Photo: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (public domain)

What you are seeing

Electricians test a 15,000-volt breaker with test equipment before it goes back in service.

Commissioning is where machines and people prove a site is ready.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.2 BUILD AND INSTALL

BIM and digital twin specialists keep the model true.

BIM, VDC and digital twin specialists link the design to the site.

  • 3D models, clash detection and quantities
  • Reality capture and as-built updates
  • Feeding robots from the model
  • Coordinating trades in the model

Skills

  • Architecture, engineering or VDC background
  • Model coordination on large projects

Typical experience

  • Laser scanners and 360 cameras
  • Layout and drilling robots
  • Inspection drones

Machines you work with

  • Autodesk Certified Professional
  • buildingSMART professional certification
  • Reality capture and scanning training
  • Vendor digital twin platform training

Certifications and training

  • Project managers and superintendents
  • Trades and robotics leads
  • Commissioning agents

Works alongside

The twin turns scans and robots into one picture of the site.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.2 BUILD AND INSTALL

IoT and network engineers connect the machines.

IoT and network engineers design the links between sensors, robots and the cloud.

  • Wi-Fi, private 5G and wired networks
  • Sensors, gateways and edge devices
  • Device security and segmentation
  • Data flows to the twin and dashboards

Skills

  • Network or controls background
  • Industrial site networks

Typical experience

  • Gateways, switches and access points
  • Sensors for power, temperature and leaks
  • Robot fleets on site networks

Machines you work with

  • BICSI installer and technician credentials
  • Cisco CCNA or CompTIA Network+
  • ISA/IEC 62443 cybersecurity training
  • Cloud and IoT platform certifications

Certifications and training

  • Controls engineers
  • IT and security teams
  • Robot and automation technicians

Works alongside

No robot works well on a weak network.

SUB-CHAPTER 3.3

Machines and controls

Experts who install, program, tune and service the machines.

Robot technicians

60

AI and perception engineers

62

Controls and robotics engineers

61

OEM field service technicians

63

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.3 MACHINES AND CONTROLS

Robot technicians keep robots running.

Robot and automation technicians and integrators.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Mounting, wiring and calibrating robots
  • Teach pendant and offline programming
  • Safety circuits, guarding and light curtains
  • Fault finding and preventive care
  • Technician or mechatronics background
  • Cell commissioning years
Robot technicians keep robots running.
  • Arms and cobots
  • Mobile robots
  • Vision systems and grippers

Machines you work with

  • FANUC Certified Robot Operator and Technician
  • Universal Robots Academy certificates
  • ABB and KUKA College courses
  • A3 robot safety training
  • Mechatronics credentials

Certifications and training

  • Controls engineers
  • Safety officers
  • Plant maintenance teams

Works alongside

Photo: U.S. Air Force (public domain)

What you are seeing

A technician programs and moves an industrial robot with its teach pendant.

Technicians are the people who make a robot a working colleague.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.3 MACHINES AND CONTROLS

Controls engineers design the logic.

Controls, PLC and robotics engineers.

SkillsTypical experience
  • PLC, HMI and motion programming
  • Robot cell design and integration
  • Functional safety and risk assessment
  • Commissioning and tuning
  • Engineering degree or equivalent
  • Integration project years
Controls engineers design the logic.
  • PLCs and drives
  • Robot controllers
  • Safety PLCs and scanners

Machines you work with

  • ISA Certified Automation Professional
  • ISA Certified Control Systems Technician
  • Functional safety engineer credentials
  • PLC vendor training
  • Professional engineer licensure where held

Certifications and training

  • Robot technicians
  • Process and plant engineers
  • AI and perception engineers

Works alongside

Photo: DWI, CC BY-SA 3.0

What you are seeing

A control cabinet with PLCs, drives and an operator panel: the logic controls engineers design.

Good controls design makes every robot safer and more productive.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.3 MACHINES AND CONTROLS

AI and perception engineers teach machines to see.

AI, machine learning and perception engineers.

  • Computer vision and sensor fusion
  • Model training, testing and deployment
  • Robot operating systems and simulation
  • Data pipelines from fleets

Skills

  • Software or robotics engineering
  • Production ML or autonomy

Typical experience

  • Cameras, lidar and depth sensors
  • Robots running learned models
  • Simulation and edge computers

Machines you work with

  • ROS 2 training
  • NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute courses
  • Cloud machine-learning certifications
  • Robotics simulation platform training

Certifications and training

  • Controls engineers
  • Field technicians
  • Data analysts

Works alongside

Physical AI works only when the model works in the real world.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.3 MACHINES AND CONTROLS

OEM-certified technicians service machines.

OEM-certified field service technicians.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Diagnosing faults to part level
  • Software, firmware and calibration
  • Preventive maintenance routines
  • Training customer staff
  • Technician background with OEM training
  • Field service years
OEM-certified technicians service machines.
  • The OEM’s own robots, drones or equipment
  • Diagnostic laptops and tools
  • Spare parts kits

Machines you work with

  • OEM service certifications
  • OEM operator and maintenance courses
  • Manufacturer safety training
  • OSHA 10 or 30 hour

Certifications and training

  • Customer maintenance teams
  • OEM support engineers
  • Site pod lead

Works alongside

Photo: Auledas, CC BY-SA 4.0

What you are seeing

A robot maker's teach pendant. Certified technicians use the maker's tools to diagnose and update machines.

Makers rely on certified technicians to keep their machines in service.

SUB-CHAPTER 3.4

Operate

Experts who run machines, fleets and facilities day to day.

Remote operators

65

Logistics automation specialists

67

Drone pilots

66

Critical-facility technicians

68

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.4 OPERATE

Remote operators supervise from anywhere.

Remote operators and teleoperators.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Monitoring fleets from a screen
  • Taking control when a robot needs help
  • Reading alerts and escalating
  • Clear radio and log keeping
  • Operations or control-room years
  • Comfort with screens and shift work
Remote operators supervise from anywhere.
  • Fleet dashboards and remote consoles
  • Mobile robots and drones
  • Cameras and site sensors

Machines you work with

  • OEM teleoperation platform training
  • Site safety orientation
  • Fleet software training
  • FAA Part 107 if the fleet includes drones

Certifications and training

  • On-site technicians
  • Site pod lead
  • Safety officer

Works alongside

Photo: Savannah River Site (public domain)

What you are seeing

A control room: operators watch screens and supervise machines remotely.

Remote operators let one person watch many machines, in the United States or India.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.4 OPERATE

Drone pilots turn the sky into a work site.

Drone pilots and visual observers.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Mission planning and airspace awareness
  • Safe flight in and around structures
  • Data capture and quality checks
  • Weather and risk assessment
  • Commercial flying or inspection years
  • Pre-flight and logging discipline
Drone pilots turn the sky into a work site.
  • Multirotor and fixed-wing drones
  • Thermal and zoom payloads
  • Docks and mapping software

Machines you work with

  • FAA Part 107 remote pilot certificate
  • Recurrent training every 24 months
  • Thermography training for thermal work
  • Public-safety drone training programs
  • OEM flight training

Certifications and training

  • QA inspectors and engineers
  • Site pod lead
  • Visual observers

Works alongside

Photo: NASA/Ryan Kline (public domain)

What you are seeing

A pilot and an observer keep a multirotor drone in sight during a test flight.

About 493,000 certificated pilots exist. Few have industrial site experience.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.4 OPERATE

Logistics specialists keep goods moving.

Logistics and warehouse automation specialists.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Mobile robot fleet set-up and routing
  • Warehouse and conveyor systems
  • Exception handling and recovery
  • Throughput and uptime reporting
  • Warehouse or distribution operations
  • Automation project years
Logistics specialists keep goods moving.
  • AMRs, AGVs and sortation systems
  • Pick-and-place arms
  • Warehouse management software

Machines you work with

  • A3 mobile robot safety training
  • Supply chain credentials (CSCP)
  • Powered industrial truck training
  • Warehouse system vendor courses

Certifications and training

  • Controls engineers
  • Operations managers
  • Fleet operators

Works alongside

Photo: AutoGuidedVehicles (public domain)

What you are seeing

An automated forklift in a warehouse, following its route without a driver.

Warehouses add robots fastest, and need specialists to run them.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.4 OPERATE

Facility technicians keep data centers alive.

Data center critical-facility technicians.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Power and cooling rounds
  • Switching and lockout procedures
  • Alarm response and escalation
  • Maintenance of UPS, generators, chillers
  • Electrical, HVAC or military technical background
  • Mission-critical operations years
Facility technicians keep data centers alive.
  • Building management systems
  • Inspection robots and drones
  • Remote-hands robots

Machines you work with

  • Certified Data Center Technician Professional (CDCTP)
  • Uptime Institute Accredited Operations Specialist
  • NFPA 70E training
  • Refrigerant handling certification
  • BICSI credentials

Certifications and training

  • Controls technicians
  • NOC operators
  • Site operations manager

Works alongside

Photo: Derrick Coetzee, CC0

What you are seeing

A technician works on a server rack in a large computing center.

Rounds, thermal checks and hardware swaps are the first tasks machines share.

SUB-CHAPTER 3.5

Safety and quality

Experts who keep people safe and work to standard.

Safety officers

70

QA and inspectors

71

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.5 SAFETY AND QUALITY

Safety officers hold the authority to stop work.

Site safety officers.

  • Hazard and risk assessment
  • Human-robot zoning and exclusion areas
  • Lockout and tagout oversight
  • Incident review and reporting

Skills

  • Site safety years in industry
  • Familiarity with robot and AMR standards

Typical experience

  • All site machines, as a safety reviewer
  • Zone scanners and e-stops
  • Incident reporting tools

Machines you work with

  • OSHA 30 hour
  • Construction Health and Safety Technician (CHST)
  • Associate or Certified Safety Professional (BCSP)
  • A3 robot safety training
  • First aid and CPR

Certifications and training

  • Site pod lead
  • Controls engineers
  • Crew supervisors

Works alongside

Safety is designed in, and every pod has a person who can stop work.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.5 SAFETY AND QUALITY

QA and inspectors verify the work to standard.

Quality assurance and inspection specialists.

  • Inspection plans and defect lists
  • Measurement and testing
  • Documentation and close-out
  • Using drones, scans and vision checks

Skills

  • Quality or trades background
  • Inspection of mechanical or electrical work

Typical experience

  • Scanners and measurement tools
  • Vision inspection stations
  • Inspection drones and legged robots

Machines you work with

  • ASQ Certified Quality Inspector
  • ASQ Certified Quality Engineer
  • Welding and NDT inspector credentials (AWS, ASNT)
  • OSHA 10 or 30 hour

Certifications and training

  • Commissioning agents
  • Trades supervisors
  • Project managers

Works alongside

Machines gather the data. Inspectors decide what it means.

SUB-CHAPTER 3.6

Lead and specialize

Leaders and specialists around every site.

Site pod leads and project managers

73

Trainers

76

Public-safety and cleared experts

74

Technical diligence experts

77

Service experts

75

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.6 LEAD AND SPECIALIZE

Site pod leads run the site as one team.

Site pod leads and project managers.

  • Planning, sequencing and scheduling
  • Client and contractor communication
  • Weekly reporting and risk tracking
  • Leading crews and machines together

Skills

  • Project or operations leadership
  • Multi-trade site experience

Typical experience

  • Scheduling and reporting software
  • Fleet dashboards
  • All machines on the pod’s site

Machines you work with

  • Project Management Professional (PMP)
  • OSHA 30 hour
  • Lean or Six Sigma belts
  • Construction management credentials

Certifications and training

  • Every role in the pod
  • Owner’s representative
  • Safety officer

Works alongside

The pod lead is the single point of contact and owns the outcome.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.6 LEAD AND SPECIALIZE

Public-safety experts bring discipline.

Public-safety and cleared experts, described generically.

SkillsTypical experience
  • Incident command and communication
  • Security and access control
  • Risk assessment and checklists
  • Working to strict procedures
  • Public safety, security or military background
  • Operational leadership years
Public-safety experts bring discipline.
  • Inspection and patrol robots
  • Drones and cameras
  • Command dashboards

Machines you work with

  • Incident command system training (ICS)
  • Public-safety drone training
  • Background checks as the work requires
  • OSHA 10 or 30 hour

Certifications and training

  • Site pod lead
  • Safety officer
  • Remote operators

Works alongside

Photo: Jonte, CC BY-SA 4.0

What you are seeing

A legged inspection robot walking an outdoor route and logging what it sees.

Discipline from high-stakes fields carries over to machine supervision.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.6 LEAD AND SPECIALIZE

Service experts bring robots to everyday places.

Service technicians for healthcare, agriculture and hospitality.

  • Installing and servicing service robots
  • Customer training and hand-over
  • Hygiene and food-safety awareness
  • Fault reporting and escalation

Skills

  • Field service or technician background
  • Customer-facing work

Typical experience

  • Cleaning and disinfection robots
  • Delivery robots
  • Kitchen and farm robots

Machines you work with

  • Biomedical equipment technician (CBET)
  • Food-safety training (ServSafe)
  • Crop adviser credentials for agriculture
  • OEM service courses

Certifications and training

  • Facility managers
  • Fleet supervisors
  • OEM support

Works alongside

Customer-ready experts make service robots work in real buildings.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.6 LEAD AND SPECIALIZE

Trainers pass skills to the next crew.

Trainers and curriculum experts.

  • Teaching adults on the job
  • Writing procedures and job aids
  • Hands-on skills assessment
  • Safety and robot familiarization

Skills

  • Teaching or training years
  • Technical field background

Typical experience

  • Training cells and simulators
  • Robots from partner OEMs
  • Learning platforms

Machines you work with

  • OEM trainer authorization
  • Talent development credentials (CPTD)
  • OSHA outreach trainer authorization
  • Safety instruction credentials

Certifications and training

  • OEM instructors
  • Site pod lead
  • Crew supervisors

Works alongside

Training lets a crew start safely and ramp quickly.

3 THE EXPERTS WE BRING · 3.6 LEAD AND SPECIALIZE

Diligence experts help investors judge machines.

Technical experts for investor diligence.

  • Assessing robot and drone technology
  • Site and fleet performance review
  • Cost, safety and reliability analysis
  • Clear written findings

Skills

  • Engineering and field experience
  • Due diligence or advisory years

Typical experience

  • Fleet data and performance logs
  • Robots and drones in the field
  • Financial and technical models

Machines you work with

  • Professional engineer licensure where held
  • Robotics or engineering degree
  • Project management credentials
  • OEM and standards training

Certifications and training

  • Investor teams
  • Atomgigs advisors
  • OEM management

Works alongside

Investors get technical judgment from people who have run the machines.

Chapter 4

How you work with machines

The teaming model, safety culture and training, remote and on-site modes, illustrative walkthroughs.

SUB-CHAPTER 4.1

The teaming model

One manager per robot, and how people and machines share work.

One manager per robot

80

Supervising several robots

82

Six ways of working

81

Wearable robots

83

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.1 THE TEAMING MODEL

Every robot has a human manager.

Accountability is assigned before the robot moves.

Designated human manager

Owns the robot’s task, safety and outcome

PERSON

Assigned machine

Does the defined task and reports status

ROBOT

Site pod lead

Resolves exceptions and escalates

POD

Every robot has a named person.

One manager per robot

A trained person may supervise a small fleet.

One person, several robots

Anyone trained can stop work for safety.

Stop authority

A robot never works without a person who is accountable for it.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.1 THE TEAMING MODEL

People and robots share work in six ways.

From cooperation to fleet supervision. Maturity rises down the list.

ModeYour roleRobot roleTypical work
CooperationSame area, sequential tasksDoes the step before or after youMoves materials to your station
Shared taskHands-on beside the robotResponds to your motion and forceYou fit; the robot carries
Operator-directedDirect from a tablet; finishDoes the repetitive bulkFinishing and drilling
Supervised autonomySet the job; resolve exceptionsRuns the mission on its ownSite rounds, layout
TeleoperationTake control for exceptionsExecutes your movementsDelivery, general tasks
Fleet supervisionOversee many robotsCoordinate among themselvesMany robots, one supervisor
Most deployed systems today are operator-directed or supervised autonomy.
4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.1 THE TEAMING MODEL

One person can oversee several robots.

What changes when the fleet grows.

  • Status of each robot and task
  • Alerts and exceptions
  • Battery, fault and safety states

What you watch

  • Re-route, retry or stop
  • Which robot takes the next task
  • When to call a technician

What you decide

  • Faults to field technicians
  • Safety events to the officer
  • Daily results to the pod lead

What you hand off

Supervisors act on exceptions. They do not watch every motion.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.1 THE TEAMING MODEL

Wearable robots extend what workers can do.

Exoskeletons and smart wearables: the types, the makers, the evidence and how to use them safely.

TypesEvidence
  • Passive shoulder support for overhead work
  • Passive back support for lifting
  • Powered back and lift-assist suits
  • Tool-holding arms; posture-sensor wearables
  • Studies: 20–45% less shoulder strain
  • Long-term injury data is still limited
Wearable robots extend what workers can do.
  • Fit, training and a trial period first
  • Check balance, heat and range of motion
  • Part of the site risk assessment

Safety

  • Ottobock (Paexo; suitX)
  • Hilti EXO-O1 and Levitate AIRFRAME
  • Hyundai X-ble Shoulder
  • German Bionic and Verve Motion (powered)
  • HeroWear; StrongArm and Kinetic sensors

Makers (examples)

  • Less strain on heavy and overhead tasks
  • More stamina across a full shift
  • A skill to add to your profile

What it means for you

Photo: U.S. Navy (public domain)

What you are seeing

A shipyard worker grinds overhead with a vest and tool-support arm that carry the tool's weight.

Wearables extend strength and stamina. The expert still leads the work.

SUB-CHAPTER 4.2

Safety culture and training

Standards, stop authority and the training you receive.

Standards

85

Training you receive

87

Safety habits

86

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.2 SAFETY CULTURE AND TRAINING

Safety is designed in, using current standards.

Standards set the baseline. The site safety case sits on top.

StandardWhat it coversApplies to
ISO 10218-1:2025 and -2Industrial robots, and robot systems and integrationArms and robot cells
ANSI/A3 R15.06-2025U.S. adoption of the ISO 10218 seriesArms and robot cells
ISO/TS 15066Collaborative operation and contact force limitsCobots
ANSI/A3 R15.08, Parts 1 to 3Mobile robots; Part 3 (2026) covers daily useAMRs and mobile robots
ISO 3691-4Driverless industrial trucksAGVs and AMRs
OSHA requirementsGeneral duty, lockout and tagout, electrical safetyAll U.S. sites
Humanoid and legged robot standards are still emerging, so pilots use marked zones.
4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.2 SAFETY CULTURE AND TRAINING

Safe habits are the same on every site.

Six habits every expert practices.

Before any robot moves

Risk assessment

Marked areas for people and robots

Zoning

Energy isolated before work

Lockout and tagout

Anyone trained can stop work

Stop authority

Near misses are reported and reviewed

Incident reporting

Hazards and plan at shift start

Daily briefing

Safety comes before speed, on every shift.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.2 SAFETY CULTURE AND TRAINING

Training starts before the first shift.

Layers of training build from site to machine.

1 Site

Site orientation and rules.

2 Safety

Hazards, zoning, stop authority.

3 Machine

OEM-approved training on the machine.

4 Role

Duties, handoffs and reporting.

5 Refresh

Updates as robots and rules change.

You learn the machine from its maker, not from a slide deck.

SUB-CHAPTER 4.3

Remote and on-site modes

Where each kind of work happens.

Where work happens

89

A remote shift

90

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.3 REMOTE AND ON-SITE MODES

Work happens on site, remotely or both.

United States for on-site work; India for remote monitoring and remote work.

  • Installation and commissioning
  • Maintenance and field service
  • Flying and inspection

On site (United States)

  • Fleet monitoring and alerts
  • Teleoperation and remote assist
  • Data review and reporting

Remote (United States or India)

  • On-site crew plus a remote supervisor
  • Shift hand-offs between sites
  • Training with remote coaching

Hybrid

On-site work is U.S. only. Remote work can be done from the U.S. or India.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.3 REMOTE AND ON-SITE MODES

A remote shift follows a simple rhythm.

What a remote operator does from start to hand-off.

A remote shift follows a simple rhythm.

1 Hand-over

Read the previous shift’s notes.

2 Monitor

Watch the fleet and alerts.

3 Respond

Clear faults or call on site.

4 Report

Log events and results.

5 Hand-off

Brief the next shift.

Photo: Savannah River Site (public domain)

Clear hand-overs keep a fleet safe around the clock.

SUB-CHAPTER 4.4

Illustrative walkthroughs

Four composite examples of a day on the job.

Data center day

92

Construction site day

94

Warehouse day

93

Drone inspection day

95

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.4 ILLUSTRATIVE WALKTHROUGHS

A day in a data center.

Illustrative: critical-facility technician with inspection robots.

A day in a data center.

06:30

BriefShift hand-over, alarms review, and the day’s work permits.
RoundsA legged robot walks the power hall and logs readings; you check flagged items.
MaintenanceSwap a failed component under lockout and tagout procedures.
Remote handsA remote operator handles a hardware swap request at a rack.
ReviewLook at thermal data, decide on follow-up work.
Hand-offLog events and brief the evening shift.

07:30

09:30

12:00

14:00

15:30

Photo: BalticServers.com, CC BY-SA 3.0

The robot walks the rounds. The technician decides what to do.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.4 ILLUSTRATIVE WALKTHROUGHS

A day in a warehouse.

Illustrative: logistics automation specialist with a mobile-robot fleet.

A day in a warehouse.

06:00

Start-upCheck chargers, routes, and zones; confirm the safe state.
LaunchRelease the day’s orders; watch the first flows.
ExceptionsClear a blocked aisle and a stuck robot from the console.
TuningAdjust a route to ease congestion near a dock.
MaintenanceSwap a wheel module with the robot’s technician.
ReportSend throughput, faults and safety notes to the pod lead.

07:00

09:00

11:30

14:00

15:30

Photo: AutoGuidedVehicles (public domain)

One specialist keeps dozens of robots productive.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.4 ILLUSTRATIVE WALKTHROUGHS

A day on a construction site.

Illustrative: layout and drilling robots on a commercial build.

A day on a construction site.

06:30

Toolbox talkSafety plan, robot zones, and the day’s tasks.
Set-upLoad the model; set up the layout robot; check control points.
LayoutThe robot prints layout; a crew checks and marks exceptions.
DrillingA drilling robot works ceiling anchors; an electrician finishes.
InspectA drone or legged robot captures progress for the model.
Close-outCharge, clean, update the model, brief the pod lead.

07:30

08:30

11:00

13:30

15:00

Image: Trimble

Robots handle the repeated work. Trades finish and verify.

4 HOW YOU WORK WITH MACHINES · 4.4 ILLUSTRATIVE WALKTHROUGHS

A drone inspection day.

Illustrative: certificated pilot and visual observer at a large site.

A drone inspection day.

07:00

PlanReview airspace, weather and the mission with the site lead.
Pre-flightCheck the aircraft, batteries and site hazards; brief the observer.
FlyCapture roof and structure imagery within line-of-sight rules.
CheckReview images for coverage and quality; reflight gaps.
DeliverUpload data to the model; flag defects to QA.
LogComplete the flight log and equipment checks.

08:00

08:30

10:30

13:00

15:00

Photo: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (public domain)

The pilot owns the flight. The data serves the whole team.

Chapter 5

Why experts choose Atomgigs

Work that matters, learn and certify, work your way, how you join.

SUB-CHAPTER 5.1

Work that matters

Real projects, real machines, and a place at the leading edge.

Leading edge

98

A place on a senior pod

99

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.1 WORK THAT MATTERS

You work at the leading edge of physical AI.

Four reasons the work is worth doing.

Robots, drones and automation from leading makers

Real machines

Data centers, plants, warehouses and construction

Real sites

Finish projects the industry is short of people for

Real impact

Skills that stay in demand as machines spread

Real skills

The industry needs people who can lead machines. You can be one of them.

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.1 WORK THAT MATTERS

You join a small senior pod, not a pyramid.

You work with experienced leaders, not just alongside machines.

1

designated human manager for each robot

1

pod lead as your point of contact

4+specialist roles in a typical pod
  • A clear role and clear scope
  • Safety authority and support
  • A lead who removes obstacles

What the pod gives you

A small senior team means you are heard and your work is seen.

SUB-CHAPTER 5.2

Learn and certify

Training from the makers and a clear certification path.

Training with the makers

101

Paths

103

Certification ladder

102

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.2 LEARN AND CERTIFY

Learn the machine from its maker.

Robot makers run large training programs; you can use them.

sq ft in one maker’s new training academy in Michigan

Programs you may useWhy it matters
sq ft in one maker’s new training academy in Michigan

132,000

17,500

1,700

60,000

  • FANUC Certified Education Robot Training
  • Universal Robots Academy certificates
  • ABB and KUKA College courses
  • NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute courses
  • The largest makers train tens of thousands of people a year
  • Maker-approved skills are recognized across sites
  • Training is how roles grow into leadership

Photo: Killgore1138, CC0

Training programs of the robot makers are the fastest route to new gigs.

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.2 LEARN AND CERTIFY

A certification path from first gig to lead.

Typical credentials by level; each expert’s path differs.

Level

Typical credentials

Typical role

Foundation

OSHA 10 or 30; site safety; basic OEM operator course

Technician, operator, pilot

SpecialistOEM technician or programming certificate; FAA Part 107; ISA or BICSI credentialField service, controls, remote operations
LeadSafety professional, PMP, A3 robot safety trainingPod lead, safety officer, trainer
ExpertEngineering licensure where held; functional safetyArchitect, diligence expert

Each step builds on the last and travels with you from gig to gig.

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.2 LEARN AND CERTIFY

Paths open from technician to pod lead.

Illustrative career paths. Each expert chooses their own.

1 Technician

Learn the machine and the site.

2 Specialist

Add a certification and a focus.

3 Lead

Guide a small crew.

4 Pod lead

Run a site as one team.

5 Advisor

Advise on strategy and standards.

Atomgigs gigs are a path, and you decide how far to take it.

SUB-CHAPTER 5.3

Work your way

Your own company or direct, gig by gig, in the U.S. or India.

Work your way

105

Where you work

106

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.3 WORK YOUR WAY

Work your way, gig by gig.

Through your own company or directly. You choose the gigs.

Bring your company and your team

Through your own company

Work with Atomgigs on your own account

Directly

Choose each gig as it comes

Gig by gig

Build gigs around your schedule

Alongside other work

You choose the gigs. Atomgigs does the matching.

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.3 WORK YOUR WAY

Where you work depends on the work.

United States for on-site work; India for remote work.

PlaceType of workExamples
United States, on siteInstallation, service, flying, supervisingData centers, plants, warehouses, construction
United States, remoteMonitoring, teleoperation, data reviewFleet and operations centers
India, remoteMonitoring positions and remote-capable workFleet monitoring, data review, support

On-site work is in the United States only.

SUB-CHAPTER 5.4

How you join

Apply by email, short vetting, then matched to gigs.

How you join

108

What to send

109

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.4 HOW YOU JOIN

You can join in five steps.

From an email to your first gig.

1 Apply

Email us your background.

2 Vet

A short conversation and checks.

3 Profile

Skills and certifications on file.

4 Match

Matched to gigs that fit.

5 Start

Brief, then work.

Short vetting means you can start within days of a match.

5 WHY EXPERTS CHOOSE ATOMGIGS · 5.4 HOW YOU JOIN

Send us a short note to get started.

Email [email protected] with the items below.

Name, location and how you work (own company or direct)

Who you are

Role family, years and machines you know

What you do

Certifications and training

What you hold

Availability and where you can work

When you are free

Apply by email: [email protected]

Chapter 6

How clients use this talent

Staffing a gig in days, talent and machines together, commercial model and engagement path, outlook, remember and go deeper.

SUB-CHAPTER 6.1

Staffing a gig in days

Request, match, brief and start.

Staff a gig in days

112

Contract experts

114

Vetting

113

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.1 STAFFING A GIG IN DAYS

A client can staff a gig in days.

Five steps from request to first shift.

1 Request

Client states the need.

2 Scope

Roles, sites and dates agreed.

3 Match

Experts matched by skills and certifications.

4 Brief

Site, safety and machine briefing.

5 Start

Experts begin work.

Scope is defined before anyone starts.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.1 STAFFING A GIG IN DAYS

Every expert is vetted before a gig.

Four checks keep quality high.

  1. 1Skills

    Role experience and machine familiarity

  2. 2Certifications

    Credentials checked and current

  3. 3Safety

    Safety training and attitude

  4. 4Fit

    Clear communication and reliability

Clients get experts they can put to work on day one.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.1 STAFFING A GIG IN DAYS

Experts are contractors, not employees.

Atomgigs does not hire employees or hold a bench.

Work as an independent expert

Independent

Work through your own company

Own company

Work through a partner staffing firm

Via a staffing firm

No long-term headcount for the client, and flexibility for the expert.

SUB-CHAPTER 6.2

Talent and machines together

One team, with robots from their makers and experts from our network.

One team

116

Site pod

118

Pilot packages

117

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.2 TALENT AND MACHINES TOGETHER

Talent and machines arrive together.

Atomgigs sources machines and people and puts them to work as one team.

Source the robotsBring the people

Contract robots directly with their makers

Put them to work togetherScale and operate
Contract robots directly with their makers

One small pod and a manager for each robot

One team, one contract, weekly reporting

Photo: Marta Veverica, CC BY-SA 4.0

One accountable team for the machines, the people and the result.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.2 TALENT AND MACHINES TOGETHER

Pilot packages come with example expert mixes.

Illustrative mixes by pilot; the final mix depends on the site.

PilotWeeksExample expert mix
Machine tending cell6Robot technician, controls engineer, safety officer
Palletizing, end of line4 to 6Robot technician, QA inspector, safety officer
AMR material transport6 to 8Logistics automation specialist, IoT engineer, remote operator
Inspection and quality6 to 8AI and perception engineer, QA inspector, controls engineer
Kitting, line-side supply6 to 8Logistics specialist, robot technician, trainer
Humanoid tote moving8Remote operator, robot technician, safety officer, pod lead

Every pilot ends with a review: scale, change or stop.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.2 TALENT AND MACHINES TOGETHER

A small senior pod runs each site.

The pod is right-sized to scope.

Single point of contact; owns the outcome

Pod lead

Chooses robots; runs integration

Robotics lead

Trades and operators beside the robots

Skilled crew

Safety plan, zoning and stop authority

Safety and compliance

Fleet monitoring and weekly reports

Remote ops and data

A pod, not a pyramid.

SUB-CHAPTER 6.3

Commercial model and engagement path

Pay for capacity and outcomes. Consulting to pilot to production.

Commercial model

120

How to start

122

Engagement path

121

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.3 COMMERCIAL MODEL AND ENGAGEMENT PATH

Start small. Pay for capacity and outcomes.

No capital outlay for robots and no long-term headcount.

One defined scope on one site, with a low-commitment fee

Pilot

A hybrid crew on retainer, flexed up or down on notice

Managed crew

Paid for work completed, as robots earn it

Outcome-based

Scoped expertise for makers and investors

Advisory

Start with a pilot, move to a managed crew, shift to outcomes as robots prove out.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.3 COMMERCIAL MODEL AND ENGAGEMENT PATH

The path runs from consulting to pilot to production.

Each step is a decision the client controls.

1 Consult

  • Walk the site
  • Choose the first task
  • Agree metrics and safety approach

2 Pilot

  • Short, defined scope
  • Mixed crew with a machine task
  • Review against the metric

3 Production

  • Managed crew on retainer
  • Robot share grows with results
  • Weekly reporting

Clients move at their pace. Safety sets the limit.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.3 COMMERCIAL MODEL AND ENGAGEMENT PATH

Start with a short conversation.

Experts apply by email. Clients ask for a walk-through.

Experts

Clients

Makers and investors

[email protected] | +1-310-694-4750 | atomgigs.com

SUB-CHAPTER 6.4

Outlook

How the mix shifts from people to robots over time.

Roadmap

124

What it means for experts

125

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.4 OUTLOOK

The mix shifts from people to robots.

An indicative roadmap; safety sets the pace.

1 Human crews

Trades placed fast

2 Robot-assisted

Robots take repeated tasks

3 Hybrid crews

Mixed crews by design

4 Robot-led

Robots at scale; people supervise

We never move faster than safety permits.

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.4 OUTLOOK

Experts become supervisors and specialists.

The roles that grow as robots spread.

  • Robot and fleet supervision
  • Controls and perception work
  • Safety and training roles

Grows

  • Routine tasks move to machines
  • Trades gain digital tools

Changes

  • Judgment and safety authority
  • Customer relationships

Stays

Fewer repeated tasks and more skilled work for people.

SUB-CHAPTER 6.5

Remember and go deeper

Ten things to remember, and where to read more.

Ten things to remember

127

Go deeper

128

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.5 REMEMBER AND GO DEEPER

Ten things to remember.

The talent opportunity in brief.

01

Demand is real

Construction, factories and data centers are short of skilled people.

02

Machines are scaling

603,000 robots were installed worldwide in 2025.

03

Humans in the lead

Every robot has a designated human manager.

04

Roles keep their skill

The work moves from doing to leading.

05

Nineteen role families

There is a profile for every expert.

06

Safety first

Standards and stop authority apply to every site.

07

Train with the makers

OEM training is the fastest route to new gigs.

08

Work your way

Own company or direct, gig by gig.

09

Where you work

U.S. on site; India for remote work.

10

Apply by email

[email protected]

6 HOW CLIENTS USE THIS TALENT · 6.5 REMEMBER AND GO DEEPER

Go deeper in the other primers.

Every primer is on atomgigs.com at its own address.

PrimerAddressRead it for
00 Value Propositionatomgigs.comWhy Atomgigs, and how it works
01 Roboticsatomgigs.com/robotsRobot types, makers and how they work
02 OEMs, Drones and VTOLatomgigs.com/oemsDrones, aircraft, IoT and field operations
04 Investorsatomgigs.com/investorsWhere physical AI capital is going
05 Enablersatomgigs.com/enablersFinancing, insurance, platforms and standards
06 Channel Partnersatomgigs.com/channel-partnersEngineering, MEP and construction firms
07 Data Centersatomgigs.com/data-centerBuilding and operating AI infrastructure
08 Manufacturing and Logisticsatomgigs.com/manufacturingPlants, warehouses and automation pilots
09 Construction and Infrastructureatomgigs.com/constructionSites, civil works and robots on site
10 Public Safety and Defenseatomgigs.com/public-safetyMachines for safer work. No weapons.
11 Commercial Servicesatomgigs.com/commercialService robots in daily life
12 Physical AI Labsatomgigs.com/labsReal-site data for training robots
13 Physical AI Technologyatomgigs.com/technologyCompute, sensing, control, AI models, simulation
Appendix A

About us and notes

The primers, Atomgigs, Mavengigs, Monty Pandey, notes.

A APPENDIX: ABOUT US AND NOTES · A.1 THE PRIMERS

The primers, one address each

Every primer is readable on atomgigs.com or in presentation mode.

#PrimerAddressWhat it promises
00Value Propositionatomgigs.comWhy Atomgigs, and how it works.
01Roboticsatomgigs.com/robotsEvery robot type, for every application.
02OEMs, Drones and VTOLatomgigs.com/oemsEverything that helps people work in the physical world, other than robots.
03Talentatomgigs.com/talentThe experts who work alongside physical AI.
04Investorsatomgigs.com/investorsWhere physical AI capital is going, and how to find and track deals.
05Enablersatomgigs.com/enablersThe organizations that pay for, insure, run and approve machines at work.
06Channel Partnersatomgigs.com/channel-partnersWinning and delivering projects with physical AI.
07Data Centersatomgigs.com/data-centerHow data centers are built, run and paid for, and who buys them.
08Manufacturing and Logisticsatomgigs.com/manufacturingHow goods are made, stored and moved.
09Construction and Infrastructureatomgigs.com/constructionHow we build and run the physical world.
10Public Safety and Defenseatomgigs.com/public-safetyExtending public safety and defense teams with machines. No weapons.
11Commercial Servicesatomgigs.com/commercialWhere robots, drones and automation work in service businesses.
12Physical AI Labsatomgigs.com/labsPhysical AI data for training robots, only with customer approval.
13Physical AI Technologyatomgigs.com/technologyThe stack behind robots, from silicon to fleet.
A APPENDIX: ABOUT US AND NOTES · A.2 ATOMGIGS

Atomgigs: Physical AI Delivered as Jobs Done

Machines and people as one hybrid workforce, to scale up what you build and run. Primers hold the details.

What Atomgigs is

  • Robots, drones, VTOL, IoT and automation, with people, as one hybrid workforce.
  • Humans in the lead, physical AI in the loop.
  • Not a machine builder: it sources from makers, then staffs, integrates, deploys and operates.

The sources

  • Robots: every robot type, profiled in depth.
  • Everything other than robots: drones, VTOL, IoT and automation, from many makers.
  • The humans: role families across the trades, engineering and safety, every person a contractor.

Who we work with

  • Investors: consulting before and after the deal.
  • Enablers: financiers, insurers, platforms and regulators behind every deal.
  • Channel partners: engineering, design, MEP and construction firms.

Buyer groups

  • Data centers
  • Manufacturing and logistics
  • Construction and infrastructure
  • Public safety and defense (no weapons)
  • Commercial services
  • Physical AI labs

How it works

  • Consulting engagement, then a short pilot, then production.
  • One scope, one site, one metric in the pilot.
  • A small senior pod runs every site, with a named human manager for every robot.

How we are paid

  • Pilot, managed crew, outcome-based or advisory.
  • No capital outlay for machines and no long-term headcount.
  • Pay for capacity and outcomes; scale up as results are proven.

Atomgigs is a Mavengigs venture. Atomgigs is a division of Panvisage Inc.

A APPENDIX: ABOUT US AND NOTES · A.3 MAVENGIGS

Mavengigs: the Scale Up Guys

Consulting, Capital and Ventures.

$20B+M&A deal value
30+Years consulting
50+Companies scaled
$100M+Business impact

Mavengigs Consulting

  • Strategic M&A, transformation and optimization
  • Focused on the part of M&A that begins after everyone shakes hands
  • Built for PE-backed and Fortune 500 teams

Mavengigs Capital

  • An independent sponsor platform
  • Family office strategy and management

Mavengigs Ventures

  • Funding and mentorship for founders we back
  • Panmedical: digital health in India, run as CEO
  • Atomgigs, Mavens Life and Mavens Health

Mavengigs is a division of Panvisage Inc.

A APPENDIX: ABOUT US AND NOTES · A.4 MONTY PANDEY

Monty Pandey: Founder and CEO

Founder, CEO and driving force behind Atomgigs

Monty Pandey: Founder and CEO

Career and experience

  • 30+ years of management consulting: managed major M&A deals totaling $20 billion; scaled 50+ companies for $100 million of impact
  • Deep expertise in M&A consulting, including integrations and divestitures
  • 2018 to present: Mavengigs: Consulting, Capital and Ventures
  • 2004 to present: Founded Panvisage, CEO for 22 years
  • 2024 to present: Panmedical CEO (digital health)
  • 1998 to 2004: Oracle, led 14 enterprise programs
  • 1994 to 1996: Rolled out nationwide cell networks
  • 1992 to 1994: Car and truck design (CAD, CAM, CIM)
  • 1991: B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
  • 1989 to 1991: Designed robots, AGVs and manufacturing transfer lines
  • Data centers: built one from scratch in 2000; data center migration in 2008; Equinix in 2020
  • E&C companies: WSP, Jacobs, Worley, Halliburton, Fluor, Brown & Root
  • Managed the buildout of a manufacturing plant and a distribution center

Monty Pandey

  • Founder and CEO, Atomgigs
  • Founder and CEO, Mavengigs
  • Co-founder and CEO, Panmedical
Selected transactionsValueRole
GE Appliances / Haier$5.6BReadied for sale
Jacobs / CH2M / Worley$3.3BIntegration, Divestiture
ITW Signode / Carlyle$3.2BCarve-out, then sale
AMLI / Morgan Stanley$2.1BTake-private
Fortune Brands / ACCO / GBC$2BDivestiture, Integration
Equinix / Packet$335MIntegration
A APPENDIX: ABOUT US AND NOTES · A.5 NOTES

Notes on use

Three things to keep in mind when reading this deck.

Not investment advice

Atomgigs provides consulting. We are not an investment advisor, so you make your own decisions on investments.

Products belong to their owners

Company, product and robot names, logos and photos are used as examples and belong to their owners. This deck is for information only and is not a contract or an offer.

About the numbers

Numbers come from publicly available sources and are the latest available at publication. Costs, prices and returns are typical ballpark values, not quotes; they will be updated for your specific engagement.

Appendix B

Appendix B: Visual guide and reference

Robots, drones and aircraft, sites and stations, glossary, role quick reference, standards and training bodies.

SUB-CHAPTER B.1

Robots

Arms, mobile robots and legged robots.

Collaborative robot

137

Automated forklift

139

Mobile manipulator

138

Legged robot

140

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.1 ROBOTS

A collaborative arm works beside people.

Collaborative robots are built to work near people.

  • A small six-axis arm on a bench cell
  • A teach pendant tablet for programming
  • Guarding sized to the task and a risk assessment

What you are seeing

A collaborative arm works beside people.

Robot technicians, controls engineers and safety officers.

Who works here

Photo: Caio.st.oliveira, CC BY-SA 4.0

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.1 ROBOTS

An arm on a mobile base moves between stations.

A robot arm on an automated guided vehicle in a workshop.

  • A large industrial arm on a mobile base
  • The base carries the arm between stations
  • Zones and sensors keep people at a safe distance

What you are seeing

An arm on a mobile base moves between stations.

Robot technicians, logistics automation specialists and safety officers.

Who works here

Photo: Marta Veverica, CC BY-SA 4.0

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.1 ROBOTS

An automated forklift moves pallets.

Driverless industrial trucks follow ISO 3691-4.

  • A driverless pallet truck in a plant
  • Sensors and a screen on the mast
  • Loads move on defined routes

What you are seeing

An automated forklift moves pallets.

Logistics automation specialists, fleet operators and maintenance technicians.

Who works here

Photo: AutoGuidedVehicles (public domain)

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.1 ROBOTS

A legged robot walks inspection rounds.

Legged robots reach places that wheels cannot.

  • A four-legged robot on uneven ground
  • Cameras and sensors on the body
  • Used for site rounds, inspection and mapping

What you are seeing

A legged robot walks inspection rounds.

Remote operators, inspectors and OEM-certified technicians.

Who works here

Photo: Jonte, CC BY-SA 4.0

SUB-CHAPTER B.2

Drones and aircraft

Small drones and passenger-size VTOL aircraft.

Small drone

142

VTOL aircraft

143

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.2 DRONES AND AIRCRAFT

A small drone captures images from the air.

A multirotor drone in flight.

  • A small multirotor aircraft in flight
  • Used for inspection, mapping and progress capture
  • Flown by a certificated pilot within the rules

What you are seeing

A small drone captures images from the air.

Drone pilots, visual observers and QA inspectors.

Who works here

Photo: Medusasami, CC BY-SA 4.0

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.2 DRONES AND AIRCRAFT

A VTOL aircraft takes off and lands vertically.

A piloted multirotor-style aircraft on display.

  • A two-seat aircraft with many rotors
  • Vertical takeoff and landing, no runway
  • Makers need test, service and flight teams

What you are seeing

A VTOL aircraft takes off and lands vertically.

OEM field technicians, flight and test operations experts.

Who works here

Photo: Matti Blume, CC BY-SA 4.0

SUB-CHAPTER B.3

Sites and stations

Data center racks and a monitoring station.

Data center racks

145

Monitoring station

146

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.3 SITES AND STATIONS

Server racks line a data center hall.

Racks, cabling and cooling define a data center hall.

  • Rows of server racks with indicator lights
  • Power, cooling and network cabling behind them
  • Rounds, thermal checks and hardware swaps happen here

What you are seeing

Server racks line a data center hall.

Critical-facility technicians, network engineers and electricians.

Who works here

Photo: BalticServers.com, CC BY-SA 3.0

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.3 SITES AND STATIONS

Operators watch a live feed at a station.

Remote monitoring of machines and sites.

  • Two people watching a live video feed
  • A screen shows the view from a machine
  • Remote operators work like this from any location

What you are seeing

Operators watch a live feed at a station.

Remote operators, fleet supervisors and pod leads.

Who works here

Photo: Savannah River Site (public domain)

SUB-CHAPTER B.4

Glossary

Twenty-four terms used in this primer.

Terms 1 to 8

148

Terms 17 to 24

150

Terms 9 to 16

149

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.4 GLOSSARY

Terms used in this primer, part one.

Physical AI, robots and mobile machines.

TermMeaning
Physical AIAI that senses and acts in the physical world through machines.
OEMOriginal equipment manufacturer: the maker of a machine.
AMRAutonomous mobile robot that navigates around obstacles.
AGVAutomated guided vehicle that follows fixed paths.
CobotCollaborative robot designed to work near people.
End effectorThe gripper or tool at the end of a robot arm.
Robot cellA robot with its guarding, tooling and controls.
HumanoidA robot with a human-like body, built for general tasks.
APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.4 GLOSSARY

Terms used in this primer, part two.

Operating, safety and aviation terms.

TermMeaning
TeleoperationA person controls a robot remotely.
Supervised autonomyThe robot runs the task; a person monitors and handles exceptions.
FleetA group of robots managed together.
Designated human managerThe named person accountable for a robot.
Site podThe small senior team that runs a site.
VLOS and BVLOSFlying within, or beyond, visual line of sight.
Part 107FAA rule and certificate for small commercial drones.
Part 108FAA rule for routine beyond-line-of-sight flights; final rule at White House review since Jul 2026.
APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.4 GLOSSARY

Terms used in this primer, part three.

Aircraft, building and site terms.

TermMeaning
VTOLVertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
BIMBuilding information modeling: a 3D model with data.
Digital twinA live digital copy of a site and its equipment.
CommissioningTesting that systems work as designed before handover.
PLCProgrammable logic controller that runs machine logic.
Lockout and tagoutIsolating energy before servicing equipment.
E-stopEmergency stop that halts a machine.
Risk assessmentA review of hazards before work starts.
SUB-CHAPTER B.5

Role quick reference

Key skills and example credentials for each role family.

Roles 1 to 7

152

Roles 15 to 19

154

Roles 8 to 14

153

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.5 ROLE QUICK REFERENCE

Role quick reference, part one.

Build, install and machines.

Role familyKey skillsExample credentials
Electricians and mechanical tradesPower distribution, switchgear and UPS work; Conduit, cable and terminationsJourneyman or equivalent trade credential; OSHA 10 or 30 hour training
Commissioning agentsTest plans and scripts; Witnessing factory and site testsCertified Commissioning Professional (AEE, BCxA); Certified Commissioning Authority (ACG)
BIM, VDC and digital twin3D models, clash detection and quantities; Reality capture and as-built updatesAutodesk Certified Professional; buildingSMART professional certification
IoT and network engineersWi-Fi, private 5G and wired networks; Sensors, gateways and edge devicesBICSI installer and technician credentials; Cisco CCNA or CompTIA Network+
Robot technicians and integratorsMounting, wiring and calibrating robots; Teach pendant and offline programmingFANUC Certified Robot Operator and Technician; Universal Robots Academy certificates
Controls and robotics engineersPLC, HMI and motion programming; Robot cell design and integrationISA Certified Automation Professional; ISA Certified Control Systems Technician
AI and perception engineersComputer vision and sensor fusion; Model training, testing and deploymentROS 2 training; NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute courses
APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.5 ROLE QUICK REFERENCE

Role quick reference, part two.

Service, operate and quality.

Role familyKey skillsExample credentials
OEM-certified field techniciansDiagnosing faults to part level; Software, firmware and calibrationOEM service certifications; OEM operator and maintenance courses
Remote operators and teleoperatorsMonitoring fleets from a screen; Taking control when a robot needs helpOEM teleoperation platform training; Site safety orientation
Drone pilots and visual observersMission planning and airspace awareness; Safe flight in and around structuresFAA Part 107 remote pilot certificate; Recurrent training every 24 months
Logistics automation specialistsMobile robot fleet set-up and routing; Warehouse and conveyor systemsA3 mobile robot safety training; Supply chain credentials (CSCP)
Critical-facility techniciansPower and cooling rounds; Switching and lockout proceduresCertified Data Center Technician Professional (CDCTP); Uptime Institute Accredited Operations Specialist
Safety officersHazard and risk assessment; Human-robot zoning and exclusion areasOSHA 30 hour; Construction Health and Safety Technician (CHST)
QA and inspectorsInspection plans and defect lists; Measurement and testingASQ Certified Quality Inspector; ASQ Certified Quality Engineer
APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.5 ROLE QUICK REFERENCE

Role quick reference, part three.

Lead and specialize.

Role familyKey skillsExample credentials
Site pod leads and project managersPlanning, sequencing and scheduling; Client and contractor communicationProject Management Professional (PMP); OSHA 30 hour
Public-safety and cleared expertsIncident command and communication; Security and access controlIncident command system training (ICS); Public-safety drone training
Service experts: health, farm, hospitalityInstalling and servicing service robots; Customer training and hand-overBiomedical equipment technician (CBET); Food-safety training (ServSafe)
Trainers and curriculum expertsTeaching adults on the job; Writing procedures and job aidsOEM trainer authorization; Talent development credentials (CPTD)
Technical diligence expertsAssessing robot and drone technology; Site and fleet performance reviewProfessional engineer licensure where held; Robotics or engineering degree
SUB-CHAPTER B.6

Standards and training bodies

Who sets standards and who trains the experts.

Standards and safety

156

Training and certification

157

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.6 STANDARDS AND TRAINING BODIES

Bodies that set standards and rules.

Standards, safety and aviation.

OrganizationWhat it offers
ISOInternational standards, including ISO 10218 and ISO/TS 15066 for robot safety.
ANSIAccredits U.S. standards, including the R15 series.
A3Association for Advancing Automation: R15.06 and R15.08, robot safety training, integrator certification.
OSHAU.S. workplace safety rules and training.
NFPAElectrical safety, including NFPA 70E.
FAADrone rules: Part 107, Remote ID and the coming Part 108 for long-range flight.
IFRInternational Federation of Robotics: global robot statistics.
ISAAutomation standards and credentials, including IEC 62443 cybersecurity.
APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.6 STANDARDS AND TRAINING BODIES

Bodies that train and certify experts.

Makers, associations and providers.

OrganizationWhat it offers
FANUCCertified Education Robot Training and a large training academy.
Universal RobotsUR Academy training and certificates.
ABB RoboticsRobot programming, operation and maintenance courses.
KUKAKUKA College robot courses.
NVIDIADeep Learning Institute courses for robotics and simulation.
Uptime InstituteAccredited Operations Specialist and other data center programs.
BICSICredentials for cabling and network infrastructure.
Other bodiesNCCER, BCSP, PMI, ASQ and commissioning associations.
SUB-CHAPTER B.7

Key numbers

The headline figures in one place.

Key numbers

159

APPENDIX B VISUAL GUIDE AND REFERENCE · B.7 KEY NUMBERS

Key numbers in one place.

Headline figures from this primer.

603Kindustrial robots installed worldwide in 2025
5.08Mindustrial robots in operation worldwide
349Knet new U.S. construction workers needed in 2026
1.9MU.S. manufacturing jobs that could go unfilled by 2033
  • 38,400 industrial robots installed in the U.S. in 2025, up 12%
  • ~250,000 professional service robots shipped in 2025, up 24%
  • ~493,000 FAA-certificated remote pilots in the U.S. (end-2025)
  • 307 robots per 10,000 factory workers in the U.S.; South Korea has 1,220
  • Over half of data center operators struggle to find qualified candidates

More numbers

Start a pilot

Have a project that needs hands and machines?

Tell us about the site, the scope and the schedule. We will come back with a pilot proposal.